Data structure taxonomy

There are quite a few standard data structures in programming. I’m not even talking about complicated things like red-black trees. These are basic data structures.

Sequence / Array / Vector
Keys: Numeric. May be fixed or flexible in number.
Values: One per key. May be fixed or flexible in type.
Pick: Any.

Struct / Record
Keys: Named. Fixed in number.
Values: One per key. Type variable per key.
Pick: Any or all.

Tuple
Keys: Numeric. Fixed in number. May be named.
Values: One per key. Type variable per key.
Pick: Any or all.

Table / Dictionary
Keys: Variable in format. Flexible in number (usually).
Values: One per key (generally). May be fixed or flexible in type.
Pick: Any.

Set
Keys: Variable in format. Flexible in number (usually).
Values: None (usually).
Pick: Any.

Enumeration
Keys: Named, fixed in number (usually).
Values: None (usually).
Pick: At most one.

Union / Tagged Union
Keys: Named and/or Enum. Fixed in number.
Values: One per key. Fixed in type per key.
Pick: At most one.

Linked List
Keys: None (usually).
Values: Completely flexible in number. Type may be fixed or flexible.
Pick: Iterate through the elements one value at a time.

The Rules of Espionage

The first rule of espionage is, “Don’t get caught.”

The second rule is to infiltrate and take control of the target’s counterintelligence organization. That way you control the search for you and your fellow agents.

The third rule is that you must understand, deep in your heart, that most people are second rate incompetents, promoted above their ability for political reasons, who rely on emotion much more than logical thought, and who can be relied upon to follow simple instructions about as well as a mildly concussed squirrel.

The fourth rule is to accept that it is better to be lucky than good, but being good really helps.

The fifth rule is to realize that anybody willing to work with you is, by definition, a traitor, and should not be trusted.

The sixth rule is to accept that organized crime leaders are much more trustworthy than politicians and most other government officials.

The zeroth rule of espionage is that almost nobody in charge cares what you have to say because they’re mostly sociopathic narcissists. They just want something to back up the decisions they’ve already made, or to have someone handy to blame for their failures. You continue on every day anyway due to a sense of professionalism and a faint hope that you’re doing some good in the long run.

Replication of Quantum Factorisation Records

I have said before that quantum computing is nothing more than analog computing.  Apparently, it's not even that good, due to many researchers faking their processes.  A pair of researchers has replicated the mighty heights of quantum computing achievement using the apex of 1981's home computing technology, a Commodore Vic-20.  Not to mention an abacus and a dog.  Oh yes, they also replicated early quantum computing results with a deck of cards.

Link to the original paper (pdf):  Replication of Quantum Factorisation Records with an 8-bit Home Computer, an Abacus, and a Dog

Reading the paper is worth ten minutes of your time.  It's absolutely hilarious and completely scathing at the same time.

Charlie Kirk

Charlie Kirk was assassinated yesterday while speaking at Utah Valley University.

Charlie Kirk was a moderate young Republican.

Charlie Kirk was the moderate response.

The particle model of gravity

The paper is complete and posted to viXra.org.  In case you haven't heard of it, it's a competitor to arXiv.org, except they'll take anything from anybody.  No gate keeping.  Of course, it's also full of garbage by unapproved, independent cranks like me.

Gravity, Momentum, and the Potential Energy Field

I can't say I'm published.  But I am archived for all the world to see.  Not that anybody actually reads the stuff there.  Of course, very few people read the absolute dreck that infests arXiv, either.  But they're peer approved dreck.

Photons are weird.

Photons behave differently from massive particles in the potential energy field. They have energy but no mass. This implies they are two dimensional objects, having width and height without length - a disc moving through space. This gives them an vertical internal energy gradient. Sin 90° = 1, so they always move at the speed of light. Cos 90° = 0, so they have no proper time. Tan 90° = infinity, so they can neither slow down nor speed up.

Energy gradients in the direction of motion alter the energy of a photon. If it ever reaches zero energy, it ceases to exist. Energy gradients orthogonal to the direction of motion (along the diameter of the disc) alter the direction of motion. Photons cannot reverse course, but they can and do change direction. They can even orbit a remarkably massive object.

Since they move at the speed of propagation, photons have no effect upon the potential energy field ahead of themselves. Since their internal energy returns to the baseline (no rest mass), they have no effect upon the potential energy field directly behind themselves, either. However, they do create a lateral gradient around the edge of the disc.

Oversimplified drawing of a photon in motion to the right, gradients propagating laterally.

Euclidean Special Relativity

This is a summary of definitions and formulae for computing Euclidean special relativity in the potential energy field. Everything is for collinear motion, because that’s easier and much clearer about what’s going on. No hyperbolic functions are necessary.

Warning! High school level math ahead.

The speed of light (c) = 1

v = velocity as a fraction of c (0 ≤ v ≤ 1).

Lorentz alpha (α) = √(1-v²) = cos(arcsin v) = cos θ = relativistic factor (0 < α ≤ 1).

Lorentz gamma (γ) = 1/α = 1/√(1-v²) = relativistic factor (1 ≤ γ).

Rapidity (p°) = γv = v/α = tan(arcsin v) = tan θ = momentum gradient without the rest mass.

Momenergy (e°) = p°c = γvc = kinetic energy gradient without the rest mass.
When c = 1, momenergy is numerically equal to rapidity.

Gradient angle (θ) = arcsin(v) = arctan(p°) = arctan(e°)

Acceleration = p°_a+b = p°_a + p°_b

The relativistic velocity addition formula:
Your stationary perspective of moving body a's perspective of collinear moving body b:
v_a+b = (v_a+v_b)/(1+v_av_b) = sin(arctan((v_a+v_b)/(cos(arcsin v_a)·cos(arcsin v_b))))
θ_a+b = arctan((tan θ_a / cos θ_b) + (tan θ_b / cos θ_a))
p°_a+b = γ_bp°_a + γ_ap°_b = γ_aγ_b(v_a+v_b)

sin θ = v
cos θ = α
tan θ = p° = sin θ / cos θ = γv

Average kinetic energy (KE°) = ½e° = ½p°c = kinetic energy without the rest mass.
Rest energy = (rest mass)·c² = mc²
Average total energy (E) = rest energy + KE°

Photons, having no rest mass, only have momenergy. They have neither rest energy nor average kinetic energy.